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According to international estimates, Kazakhstan belongs to the group of countries most vulnerable to climate change. Measurements show that the average annual temperature in Kazakhstan is growing faster than the global average. At the same time, water resourcescarcity and the frequency of droughts, the number of extreme weather events and heat waves are increasing. All of this has a major impact on all sectors of the economy and on human health, food security and natural ecosystems, and requires urgent adaptation measures.

In accordance with the obligations and on UNFCCC Kazakhstan has started development of a roadmap on adaptation to climate change. Recently accepted the Environmental Code provides, that the roadmap will serve as a basis for planning and integrating climate change adaptation activities in the economic sectors, that are legally defined as priorities[1], as well as in regional programs, implemented by local governments. [Read more…] about Ecosystem based approach on adaptation to climate change in Kazakhstan

Ecosystems or landscapes provide multiple ecosystems services. Sometimes the simultaneous delivery of several desired/demanded ES is not possible, strongly inhibit each other, or initiate conflict: we talk about “ES trade-offs”. On the other hand, the delivery of some ecosystem services enhance the delivery of other ecosystem services: in that case, we talk about “synergies”. A trade-off can potentially result in a conflict between users, depending on who bears the burden and who benefits from the ES supply (TEEB, 2010; Turkelboom et al., 2017).  [Read more…] about TWG10: Tips and tricks to combine multiple methods to assess ES and their trade-offs